Changing hardware parameters from suboptimal conservative defaults to their optimal settings can improve performance greatly. For example, turning on DMA can in some instances double or triple data throughput.
Here's how to put hdparm to use on your computer. Unlike recent tips, for this one you start by logging in as root. Type: $ su
Type the root password at the prompt. Then type: # hdparm -tT /dev/sda
Above commands should display a screen something this:
Timing cached reads: 1174 MB in 2.00 seconds = 587.03 MB/sec
Timing buffered disk reads: 174 MB in 3.01 seconds = 57.81 MB/sec
This performance isn't bad, but could be improved by tweaking some settings. Before you jump right in though, be sure to take some precautions. Some tweaks can cause problems, and may even make your hard disk unstable. First check the current settings: # hdparm /dev/sda
This will return something like:
|
To find additional info about your hard disk, use this command: # hdparm -i /dev/sda
This set of sample results from the above command shows just how detailed the information will be:
Model=WDC WD800BD-22LRA0, FwRev=06.01D06, SerialNo= WD-WMAM9P258947
Config={ HardSect NotMFM HdSw>15uSec SpinMotCtl Fixed DTR>5Mbs FmtGapReq }
RawCHS=16383/16/63, TrkSize=0, SectSize=0, ECCbytes=65
BuffType=unknown, BuffSize=2048kB, MaxMultSect=16, MultSect=?1?
CurCHS=16383/16/63, CurSects=16514064, LBA=yes, LBAsects=156301488
IORDY=on/off, tPIO={min:120,w/IORDY:120}, tDMA={min:120,rec:120}
PIO modes: pio0 pio3 pio4
DMA modes: mdma0 mdma1 mdma2
UDMA modes: udma0 udma1 udma2 udma3 udma4 udma5 *udma6
AdvancedPM=no WriteCache=enabled
Drive conforms to: Unspecified: ATA/ATAPI-1,2,3,4,5,6,7
* signifies the current active mode
These are possible settings for your hard disk, and the tweaks you might make.
As an example, to set 32-bit I/O support flag to 3, multicount to 16 and DMA (Direct Memory Access) to 1 (= on), you give the following command from root: # hdparm -c3 -m16 -d1 /dev/sda
Enabling DMA can in some cases lead to serious instability. To disable DMA: # hdparm -d0 /dev/sda
After making changes, check to see if performance has improved: # hdparm -tT /dev/hda
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