GConf involves a few new concepts, but no rocket science. Essentially GConf provides a preferences database, which is like a simple filesystem. The filesystem contains keys organized into a hierarchy. Each key is either a directory containing more keys, or has a value. For example, the key /apps/metacity/general/titlebar_font contains an integer value giving the size of the titlebar font for the Metacity window manager.
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source:http://linuxpoison.blogspot.com/2010/11/135781677514637.html