fsck (file system consistency check) is a command used to check filesystem for consistency errors and repair them on Linux filesystems. This tool is important for maintaining data integrity so should be run regularly, especially after an unforeseen reboot (crash, power-outage).
Usage: fsck [-sACVRTNP] [-t fs-optlist] [filesystem] [fs-specific-options]
Filesystem can be either a device's name (e.g. /dev/hda) or its mount point. fsck run with no options will check all devices in /etc/fstab. It might be neccesary to run fsck from single-user mode
Note: You need to be "root" to use any of the below mentioned command
* Take system down to runlevel one: # init 1
* Unmount file system, for example if it is /home (/dev/sda2) file system then type command:
# umount /home OR # umount /dev/sda2
* Now run fsck on the partition: # fsck /dev/sda2
* Specify the file system type using -t option: # fsck -t ext3 /dev/sda2 OR # fsck.ext3 /dev/sda2
fsck will check the file system and ask which problems should be fixed or corrected. If you don't wanna type y every time then you can use pass -y option to fsck: # fsck -y /dev/sda2
Please not if any files are recovered then they are placed in /home/lost+found directory by fsck command.
* Once fsck finished, remount the file system: # mount /home
Read man page of fsck for more information.
Make sure you replace /dev/sda2 with your actual device name.
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source:http://linuxpoison.blogspot.com/2009/04/135781757119406.html