The following example shows the structure of a GRUB menu file. The example installation has a Linux boot partition under /dev/sda5, a root partition under /dev/sda7, and a Windows installation under /dev/sda1.
gfxmenu (hd0,4)/boot/message
color white/blue black/light-gray
default 0
timeout 8
title linux
root (hd0,4)
kernel /boot/vmlinuz root=/dev/sda7 vga=791 resume=/dev/sda9
initrd /boot/initrd
title windows
rootnoverify (hd0,4)
chainloader(hd0,0)+1
The first block defines the configuration of the splash screen:
gfxmenu (hd0,4)/boot/message
The background image message is located in the top directory of the /dev/sda5 partition.
color white/blue black/light-gray
Color scheme: white (foreground), blue (background), black (selection), and light gray (background of the selection). The color scheme has no effect on the splash screen, only on the customizable GRUB menu that you can access by exiting the splash screen with Esc.
default 0
The first menu entry title linux is the one to boot by default.
timeout 8
After eight seconds without any user input, GRUB automatically boots the default entry. To deactivate automatic boot, delete the timeout line. If you set timeout 0, GRUB boots the default entry immediately.
The second and last block lists the various bootable operating systems. The sections for the individual operating systems are introduced by title.
The first entry (title linux) is responsible for booting Linux. The kernel (vmlinuz) is located in the first logical partition (the boot partition) of the first hard disk. Kernel parameters, such as the root partition and VGA mode, are appended here. The root partition is specified according to the Linux naming convention (/dev/sda7/), because this information is read by the kernel and has nothing to do with GRUB. The initrd is also located in the first logical partition of the first hard disk.
The second entry is responsible for loading Windows. Windows is booted from the first partition of the first hard disk (hd0,0). The command chainloader +1 causes GRUB to read and execute the first sector of the specified partition.
The menu file can be changed whenever necessary. GRUB then uses the modified settings during the next boot.
gfxmenu (hd0,4)/boot/message
color white/blue black/light-gray
default 0
timeout 8
title linux
root (hd0,4)
kernel /boot/vmlinuz root=/dev/sda7 vga=791 resume=/dev/sda9
initrd /boot/initrd
title windows
rootnoverify (hd0,4)
chainloader(hd0,0)+1
The first block defines the configuration of the splash screen:
gfxmenu (hd0,4)/boot/message
The background image message is located in the top directory of the /dev/sda5 partition.
color white/blue black/light-gray
Color scheme: white (foreground), blue (background), black (selection), and light gray (background of the selection). The color scheme has no effect on the splash screen, only on the customizable GRUB menu that you can access by exiting the splash screen with Esc.
default 0
The first menu entry title linux is the one to boot by default.
timeout 8
After eight seconds without any user input, GRUB automatically boots the default entry. To deactivate automatic boot, delete the timeout line. If you set timeout 0, GRUB boots the default entry immediately.
The second and last block lists the various bootable operating systems. The sections for the individual operating systems are introduced by title.
The first entry (title linux) is responsible for booting Linux. The kernel (vmlinuz) is located in the first logical partition (the boot partition) of the first hard disk. Kernel parameters, such as the root partition and VGA mode, are appended here. The root partition is specified according to the Linux naming convention (/dev/sda7/), because this information is read by the kernel and has nothing to do with GRUB. The initrd is also located in the first logical partition of the first hard disk.
The second entry is responsible for loading Windows. Windows is booted from the first partition of the first hard disk (hd0,0). The command chainloader +1 causes GRUB to read and execute the first sector of the specified partition.
The menu file can be changed whenever necessary. GRUB then uses the modified settings during the next boot.
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